sample="quota" bates="2028354687" isource="pm" decade="1990" class="ui" date="19920000" SWITZERLAND Support given via the ASFC (CISC) between 1964 and 1992. Eight university institutes. 257 scientific papers published. SWITZERLAND Last year grantees (ASFC) Publications SCI Science Citation Index Prof. K. BÄTTIG ETH, Zürich 44 99 Prof. H. BRUNNER Fac. of Med., Lsne. 159 893 Prof. P. CERUTTI Swiss Inst. for Exp. Cancer Research Lsne. 44 644 Prof. P. HAAB Fac. of Med. Fribourg 10 19 These figures cover only the last five years PM's direct support is given to Prof. B. HIRT, Dept. of Virology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research for his research on papilloma virus. Prof. J.-P. DAUWALDER Institute of Psychology University of Lausanne DRAFT RESEARCH PROGRAM OF THE VDC Promotion of research by the VdC is based on the public discussion on the impact of smoking and so-called passive smoking on human health. The health hazards attributed to smoking by epidemiological studies are to be further explored (on molecular and cellular levels) and be brought into relation with risk of life in general. In order to make research has effective as possible the funds provided are to be concentrated on the following areas: 1.) Investigation on the effect of nicotine alone or in correlation with other substances in tobacco smoke on human health. 2.) Investigation of the effect of the so-called passive smoking (ETS) on human health in the light of endogenous and exogenous influential factors. 3.) Research into the metabolism of the tobacco plant and development of methods for influencing it. VdC RESEARCH PROGRAM 1992 1. THEME: PLANT RESEARCH - Effect of nitrate concentration in tobacco on smoke composition - Nitrates in tobacco plant - Genetic engineering in tobacco growing 2. THEME: POSSIBLE HEALTH/RELATED EFFECTS - Chromosome aberrations in smokers and non-smokers - Levels of methylnitroso pyridyl butyric acid in urine - Skin wrinkling in smokers and non-smokers 3. THEME: ETS AND ITS EFFECT ON MEN - Serum cotinine in populations - Confounding variables - Asthma in children, acute reaction of ETS - DNA adducts in monocytes after exposure to MS - Blood biochemistry survey of smokers - pooled analytical results - Asthma medium/long term reaction to ETS 4. THEME: ENDOGENOUS/EXOGENOUS FACTORS - BASIC MEDICAL RESEARCH - Steroids in serum - Dioxin distribution - Benzene levels on the work place (Halle) - Diet and lung cancer in the mouse model - Lipoprotein levels in general population 5. THEME: SMOKING/PASSIVE SMOKING AND LIFESTYLE RISKS - Benzene levels and road traffic - Benzene levels - non occupation - Lung cancer epidemiology (workplace and general environment) - Longitudinal epidemiological survey on pregnancy outcome and lifestyle in smoking and non-smoking women - Lung cancer epidemiology US/Japan 6. THEME: MOTIVATION - Social-psychological effects of smoking TOTAL BUDGET: DM 4 538 960 The Dutch NMA's Budget for 1993 has been reserved for the following studies: ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEKHUIS Basic Cancer Research CIVO/TNO Research re influence of cigarettes smoke on bronchial tubes and influence of Vitamin A. Prof. SNOW Genotoxic factors regarding the arising of head and neck cancer. Prof. RAMAECKERS Biological research to identify genetic predisposition of lung cancer patients. U.K. Via TPRT Under the terms of the Voluntary Agreements on Product Modification concluded between the Government and the tobacco industry in 1980 and in 1984, sums of up to £1m per annum over the period 1981 to 1987 were made available to the Independent Scientific Committee on Smoking and Health chaired by Prof. Sir Peter Froggatt Prof. of physiology at the Belfast University by the industry to promote research on the effects of modified products on human health. A charitable trust, the Tobacco Products Research Trust, was set up to administer the funds, each project being considered by the Committee and outside referees. PROJECTS FUNDED BY THE TOBACCO PRODUCTS RESEARCH TRUST Project No. GRANTHOLDER TITLE GRANT INITIAL £ As at 3.9.1992 £ DURATION 1 Prof. Holland (St. Thomas) Tar content of cigarettes on respiratory symptoms 24,652 25,652 1 year (completed) 2 Prof. Holland (St. Thomas) Effect of tar yield of cigarettes on respiratory symptoms (pre pilot study) 66,160 55,994 (saved 10,166) do. 3. Prof. Thomas (St. Thomas) Validate questions about brand of cigarettes smoked and effect of changing to lower tar brands on respiratory symptoms and lung function 15,540 9,185 (saved 6,335) do. BELGIUM Prof. M. SYMANN Oncology Unit Faculty of Medicine, UCL, Brussels FINLAND Prof. K. SYRJANEN KUOPIO FRANCE Prof. C. BURSTEIN PARIS J. CABOCHE in Prof. M.J. BESSON's lab. PARIS Prof. D. DUSSER PARIS Dr. G. MICHELETTI, Dr. B. LANNES Prof. J.M. WARTER, STRASBOURG Prof. R. MOLIMARD PARIS Dr. J.-P. Tassin PARIS GERMANY VDC (Verband der Cigarettenindustrie) and direct support to: Prof. Bi. SCHNEIDER HANNOVER HUNGARY Dr. I. VINCZE Dr. B. SCHOKET National Institute of Hygiene BUDAPEST NORWAY Prof. O.G. NILSEN TRONDHEIM SWEDEN Prof. J. WAHREN Dept. of Clinical Physiology KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE STOCKHOLM UNITED KINGDOM Prof. J.W. GORROD LONDON Dr. A.J.S. GARDINER et al. AIRDRIE (Scotland) G. KRSTIC SUNDERLAND Prof. R. PERRY LONDON TAC/TPRT Tobacco Advisory Council) (Tobacco Products Research Trust) RESEARCH THEMES Basic research in carcinogenesis/molecular biology: P. CERUTTI, Lausanne M. SYMANN, Brussels Respiratory, physiology/Pathology D. DUSSER, Paris P. HAAB, Fribourg Behaviour: K. BATTIG, Zürich R. MOLIMARD, Paris Neurology - Neuro pharmacology: J. CABOCHE, Paris G. MICHELETTI, Strasbourg J.-P. TASSIN, Paris Viral Oncology: B. HIRT, Lausanne K. SYRJANEN, Kuopio A. GARDINER, Airdrie Hypertension: H. BRUNNER, Lausanne Nicotine physiology and metabolism: J. WAHREN, Stockholm J. GORROD, London Indoor Air Quality: R. PERRY, LONDON Competing Risk Factors: B. SCHNEIDER, Hannover Human Metabolites Monitor: C. BURSTEIN, Paris Regulatory Policies: G. KRSTIC, Sunderland Nicotine Adsorption or Absorption: O. NILSEN, Trondheim Socio-Psychology J.P. DAUWALDER, Lausanne BATTIG, K. Laboratory for Compared Physiology and Behavioural Biology ETH ZURICH Effects of Smoking on Cognitive Performance and Psychophysiological Parameters as a Function of Smoking State. 44 publications in the last five years. BRUNNER, H.R. Division of Hypertension Faculty of Medicine, Lausanne The experiments carried out recently have shown that the echo-tracking device which was developed provides accurate and reliable measurements of arterial compliance and distensibility both in experimental and clinical settings. Nevertheless, neither arterial compliance nor distensibility seem to be sensitive enough to discriminate so called healthy subjects from hypertensive patients, i.e. patients known to develop arterial wall hypertrophy. The fact that both compliance and distensibility tend to be increased in hypertensive state implies that the elastic modulus of the material composing the arterial wall is decreased. This work represents the first evidence obtained in vivo indicating that arterial compliance and distensibility are not reduced in hypertensive patients and animals. BURSTEIN, C. Lab. de Technologie des enzymes Université de PARIS 7 L-Lactate oxidase immobilized on the surface of a film bound to an oxygen electrode was used for assays of L-Lactate dehydrogenases and various NAD(H)-dependent dehydrogenases and their substances. Detection of heavy metal salts with biosensors built with an oxygen electrode coupled to various immobilized oxidases and dehydrogenases. One paper in press in "Biosensors and Bioelectronics". One paper submitted for publication CABOCHE, J. In Prof. J.M. BESSON's group. Laboratory of Neurochemistry - Anatomy, University of Paris 6. Role of nicotine in the regulation of messenger RNA's coding for proenkephaline in the rat brain. Results highlight the role of nicotine in the selective regulation of the gene encoding pre-proenkephaline in the striatum of the rat. This role being likely exerted through postsynaptic nicotine receptors. CERUTTI, P.A. Dept. of Carcinogenesis Swiss Experimental Cancer Research Institute, Lausanne The role of the cellular antioxidant defence in oxidant carcinogenesis. Molecular mechanism of the induction of the proto-oncogene c-fos by oxidant carcinogens. Oxidant-induced point mutation in cancer-related genes. DAUWALDER, J.-P. Institute of Psychology UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE Dynamics of tolerant behaviour Supported by Public Affairs, PM Switzerland One year. DUSSER, D. Faculty of Medicine Université René Descartes, Paris Main objectives are: - To further understand the role of peptidases in airway disease associated with chronic inflammation such as chronic bronchitis, allergenic rhinitis and asthma. - To determine the effects of free radicals and cigarette smoke on expression of peptidases involved in the regulation of neuropeptides, (i.e., NEP, angiotensin converting enzyme) by epithelial cells in culture. - To determine the effects of cigarette smoke on neutrophil adhesion to airway vasculature and vascular permeability in order to study the pharmacological agents and the peptidases that can modulate these effects. - To further characterize the role of carboxy-peptidase M (CPM), (a new peptidase discovered by this group) in human airways. NILSEN, O.G. Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of TRONDHEIM Possible correlation of exposure to ETS and nicotine concentration in hair. In 1991 and 1992 methods were developed for measuring low concentrations of nicotine in hair. Experimental chamber exposure of hair was performed and then "real life" situations were tested. Nicotine in hair gradients were identified for the first time. Two full papers have been published. Seven presentations were given at international meetings/congresses. Two papers in preparation. PERRY, R. Imperial College LONDON Studies on the physical and chemical characteristics of indoor air quality. Seven publications. PROF. DR. BERTHOLD SCHNEIDER UNIV. HANNOVER, INST. OF BIOMETRICS COMPETITIVE RISK IF ONE DOES NOT DIE TODAY OF CANCER, ONE WILL POSSIBLY DIE TOMORROW OF AN HEART ATTACK. UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE IN CLASSICAL STATISTICS (DIFFERENTIAL EXCESS RISK) X (PROBAND NUMBER) = 20 -30 RISKS LOWER THAN 1 IN 10,00 MEAN UNREASONABLE HIGH PROBAND NUMBERS LOWER RISK THRESHOLDS BY CONFOUNDERS' BIASES THE WHOLE SUM OF ALL LIFESTYLE RISKS, SOME OF THEM UNKNOWN, MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO THE TOTAL BIAS OF THE RISK POOLING OF STUDIES META-STATISTICS ONLY APPLICABLE FOR IDENTICAL STUDY SETUP. PROCEDURES ASSUME A NON-DEPENDENCY OF RESULTS ON THE METHODS USED BERKSONS'S FALLACY OVERSELECTION (E.G. TWIN STUDIES) CHANGES THE CONTINGENCY FACTORS, THE RESULTS CANNOT BE EXTRAPOLATED TO A REAL WORLD SITUATION SIMPON'S PARADOX AN OVERRIDING INFLUENTIAL FACTOR (LIFESTYLE OR GENETICS) PRETENDS A CORRELATION BETWEEN TWO OTHERWISE UNCORRELATED FACTORS (BALDNESS AND HEART DISEASE) SYMANN, N Division of Medical Oncology University of Louvain BRUSSELS Grant for a post-doctoral position. General objectives of the unit: - To Establish a link between fundamental research and clinical investigations i.e., bring to the clinic advanced biological technologies. - To promote and develop new strategies in cancer treatment. Themes: - Gene therapy. - Immune reconstitution following autografting of hematopoietic stem cells. - Regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis. - Use of growth factors to enhance hematologic recovery following cyto toxic chemotherapy or for mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells into the peripheral blood in the treatment of solid tumors. SYRJÄNEN, K. Dept. of Pathology, University of Kuopio Quotations from the 1992 progress report: "To assess the natural history of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections in the lower female genital tract and their associations with intraepithelial neoplasia and genital squamous cell cancer, a long-term prospective follow-up study was started in October 1981. The project was the first of its kind, and still continues to be the largest (and oldest) ongoing prospective follow-up study in this field." Male sexual partners were also examined. "During the ongoing research period, the enrollment of a fifth series of patients was initiated, when small children and newborn babies born to mothers in the Follow-up and Treatment Groups are being recruited for clinical examination and sampling of their oral cavity and nasopharynx. The aim of this approach is to elucidate the possible non-sexual (i.e., vertical) transmission of HPV from the mother to her child and the biological significance of such an eventual transmission." TASSIN, J.P. Chaire de Neuropharmacologie (Prof. J. Glowinski) Collège de France PARIS Effects and mechanisms of action of nicotine in the CNS. It would be the physiological basis of tobacco smoking facilitation on learning and increased attention. Results also show that nicotine is different from opiates and psychomotor stimulants. VINCZE, I. & SCHOKET, B. National Institute of Hygiene, Budapest Molecular events in chemical carcinogenesis involve the formation of DNA adducts of carcinogen metabolites but the relationship between this early event and later disease has not been fully elucidated. Investigation of DNA adducts may lead to a better understanding of mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis and contribute to improved carcinogenic risk assessment. Quotation from the abstract of a presentation given at the 2nd Annual Congress of the European Respiratory Society, Vienna September, 1992. "Genotoxic effect of smoking was clearly shown but direct quantitative association between the investigated markers and manifestation of lung cancer was not found". WAHREN, J. Dept. of Clinical Physiology Karolinska Institute STOCKHOLM Nicotine Physiology and Metabolism The current status of knowledge regarding metabolism and pharmacokinetics of nicotine was updated and summarized at an international symposium in June 1992 at Salsomaggiore, Italy. The meeting was organised by Professors Gorrod and Wahren, who will also be the editors of the proceedings from the meeting. The publication will be a monograph entitled "Biochemistry and Metabolism of Nicotine and Related Alkaloids", published by Chapman and Hall Scientific Publishers, London. The work with the monograph is now in its final stages and publication is expected in July or August, 1993.